INGLES VII

INFINITIVE CLAUSES WITH IMPERSONAL IT IMPERSONAL IT “IT” is used to replace a clause or phrase at the the beginning of a sentences : =>When an INFINITIVE is a subject of a sentence, we usually begin the sentence with “it” and put infinitive later. For examples: It is easy to criticize.  =  To criticize is easy. It is better to be early. = To be early is better. MAIN CLAUSE SUBORD COMPLEMENT "IT" IS + ADJ "FOR" PRN INFINITIVE CLS It's difficult for me to guess  what will happen. It's hard to know  when a rat will get loose. It's impossible for us to do   this project in 24 hours It's important to take  a break twice a day. It's possible for you to work on  your own project. It's exciting   for us to be   here. It's likely for it to get  cold in the laboratory. "IT IS"  + NP "FOR" PRN INFINITIVE CLS It's a good idea  (noun) to put on  your lab

Verb + gerund/infinitive After certain verbs we use the -ing form, and after other verbs we use the infinitive. Sometimes we can use either form and there is no change in meaning. Occasionally we can use either form and there is a change in meaning. The verbs followed by   -ing  include  enjoy ,  mind ,  stop  and  recommend . I told him you really  enjoy cooking . Would you  mind helping  me? It didn't  stop raining  all day yesterday. Daisy  recommends trying  Alfie’s tiramisu. The negative is  verb  +  not  +  -ing . Imagine not having  pizza! I eat it all the time. Verbs usually followed by  -ing stop, finish, imagine, suggest, recommend, avoid, mind, miss, risk, enjoy  Examples Rules Explanations Verb + gerund 1. I enjoy playing 2. I denied stealing Often we use the gerund for an action that happens  before  or  at the same  time as the action of the main verb. 1. I enjoy myself at the time of playing. 2. I deny having stolen anything before. Verb +

Relative clauses We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something. I bought a new car. It is very fast. → I bought a new car that is very fast. She lives in New York. She likes living in New York. → She lives in New York, which she likes. Defining relative clauses: 1: The relative pronoun is the subject: First, let's consider when the relative pronoun is the subject of a defining relative clause. We can use 'who', 'which' or 'that'. We use 'who' for people and 'which' for things. We can use 'that' for people or things. The relative clause can come after the subject or the object of the sentence. We can't drop the relative pronoun. For example (clause after the object of the sentence): I'm looking for a secretary who / that can use a computer well. She has a son who / that is a doctor. We bought a house which / that is 200 years old. I sent a let